This work was supported by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE under Project PID2021-124136OB-I00.
This project will generate knowledge to achieve the objectives of sustainable mobility and greater use of alternative energies included in the strategic action AE5: Climate, Energy and Mobility of the State Plan for Scientific, Technical and Innovation Research; by improving the medium- and low-voltage electric drives. In the case of the medium-voltage drives, the cascaded full-bridges (CFB) multilevel converters will be investigated, and in the low-voltage case, the inverters in impedance source (ZSI). In both cases, to feed multiphase electrical machines (more than three phases), which have important advantages over three-phase counterparts (e.g., lower torque ripple, higher power density, fault tolerance), which has led to their recent commercial application in electric vehicles and high-speed elevators.
The CFB converters are a modular topology that permits bypassing the faulty modules (full bridges) without operation interruption. This idea, which is already used in commercial three-phase converters to achieve high-power and high-availability systems (e.g., Siemens GH180), can be directly translated to multiphase drives to achieve high-power variable speed drives with very high fault tolerance and assured industrial application, as they come from combining two commercial technologies. Despite the clear potential of multiphase CFBs, so far their research has focused on the healthy case (for which the research team has proposed various modulation techniques that have had a great scientific impact). Research on fault tolerance of multiphase drives is almost exclusively limited to the case of two-level converters. The novelty of this project lies in the development of new modulation and control techniques that adequately take advantage of the particularities of multilevel multiphase converters to operate without interruptions and with a minimum reduction of the maximum speed (without field weakening) when several modules fail. The expected impact is to achieve effective high-power electrical drives, very modular and extremely fault-tolerant; and that permit, for example, to ship or train propulsion using several modules based on low-power fuel cells.
On the other hand, for low voltage applications, multiphase drives based in ZSIs will be investigated. The ZSI has very attractive characteristics compared to conventional voltage-source counterparts. The most notable is that it is a single-stage boost-buck inverter topology, suitable for applications with reduced or variable supply dc voltages. Recently, many variants of ZSIs have been proposed, some of them suitable for electric vehicles based on hydrogen fuel cells. Studies on ZSIs feeding multiphase machines are few and limited. The novelty of this project is the development and experimental validation of new modulation and control techniques specific for multiphase ZSIs that take advantage of all their advantages to obtain efficient electric drives. The expected impact is the demonstration of the greater efficiency of ZSIs for propulsion of electric vehicles powered by fuel cells, compared to conventional solutions.